問題用紙
１９９１
３級 文字・語彙
問題IV つぎの＿＿＿＿の文とだいたい同じいみの文はどれですか。１・２・３・４からいちばんいいものを一つえらびなさい。
Part IV Which one is the sentence that has the similar meaning with the underlined sentence. Please choose one best answer from the choice 1 2 3 4.
- やまださんのおじょさんはなんさいですか。
Romaji : Yamada-san no ojyousan wa nansai desuka.
Meaning : How old is Yamada’s daughter ?
1. やまださんのむすこさんはなんさいですか。
2. やまださんのむすめさんはなんさいですか。
3. やまださんのおにいさんはなんさいですか。
4. やまださんのおねえさんはなんさいですか。
Answer : 2
Romaji :
1. Yamada-san no musuko-san wa nansai desuka ?
2. Yamada-san no musume-san wa nansai desuka ?
3. Yamada-san no oniisan wa nansai desuka ?
4. Yamada-san no oneesan wa nansai desuka ?
Meaning :
1. How old is Yamada’s son ?
2. How old is Yamada’s daughter ?
3. How old is Yamada’s older brother ?
4. How old is Yamada’s older sister ?
The above sentence is about asking someone’s age by using interrogative pronoun nansai (何歳・なんさい) which is literally means how old ?. It is retrieved by combining 何・なん which is spelled as nan and translated as what with 際・さい which is spelled as sai and translated as a Japanese counter for age.
Pattern :
Kanji : 主語 ＋は・が ＋何 ＋さい ＋ですか
Hiragana : しゅご ＋は・が ＋なん ＋さい ＋ですか
Romaji : shugo ＋wa・ga ＋nan ＋sai ＋desuka
Meaning : how old is the (subject) ?
For the example :
Kanji : 赤ちゃんが何さいですか
Hiragana : あかちゃんがなんさいですか
Romaji : aka-chan ga nansai desuka.
Meaning : how old is the baby (infant) ?
- わたしはきのうコンサートにいきました。
Romaji : Watashi wa kinou konsa-to ni ikimashita.
Meaning : I wen to the concert yesterday.
1. わたしはきのうがいこくのえいがをみにいきました。
2. わたしはきのうかいものにいきました。
3. わたしはきのうおんがくをききにいきました。
4. わたしはきのうこうえんへえをかきにいきました。
Answer : 3
Romaji :
1. Watashi wa kinou gaikoku no eiga wo mi ni ikimashita.
2. Watashi wa kinou kaimono ni ikimashita.
3. Watashi wa kinou ongaku wo kiki ni ikimashita.
4. Watashi wa kinou kouen e e wo kaki ni ikimashita.
Meaning :
1. Yesterday I went to watch foreign movie.
2. Yesterday I went shopping.
3. Yesterday I went to listen music.
4. Yesterday I went to the park to draw paintings.
The above question is concerning about the movement verbs which is one of it is in the above question, 行く・いく(iku) and can be translated as to go. The above question has a certain grammar pattern to express an active movement in order to do a specific purpose shown in the pattern and also the example below :
Kanji : 。。。＋動詞 ＋- ます ＋に ＋行く
Hiragana : 。。。＋どうし ＋- ます ＋に ＋いく
Romaji : … ＋doushi ＋- masu ＋ni ＋iku
Meaning : … to go to …
Example :
Kanji : 一昨日郵便局へ手紙を出しに行きました
Hiragana : おとといゆうびんきょくへてがみをだしにいきました。
Romaji : ototoi yuubinkyoku e tegami wo dashi ni ikimashita.
Meaning : Two days ago I went to the post office to mail the letter.
As we can see from the above pattern and also example, there is a verb which is preceeding the に＋行く(ni + iku) form. It is a verb in a -masu stem but the -masu itself is omitted. The original verb form in -masu stem is 出します（だします）. But in order for the verb match the pattern above to be used the -masu stem need to be omitted. So we will have 出し(だし) which is spelled as ‘dashi’. When it combined with 手紙（てがみ）it will be translated as to mail a letter. So, based on the pattern above which is using a verb movement ‘iku’ or to go, the subject went to the post office in order to mail a letter.
- わたしはきのうとこやへいきました。
Romaji : Watashi wa kinou tokoya e ikimashita.
Meaning : I went to the barbershop yesterday.
1. わたしはきのうかみをきってもらいにいきました。
2. わたしはきのうびょうきをなおしてもらいにいきました。
3. わたしはきのうシャツやズボンをあらってもらいにいきました。
4. わたしはきのうくるまのうんてんをおしえてもらいにいきました。
Answer : 1
Romaji :
1. Watashi wa kinou kami wo kitte morai ni ikimashita.
2. Watashi wa kinou byouki wo naoshite morai ni ikimashita.
3. Watashi wa kinou shatsu ya zubon wo aratte morai ni ikimashita.
4. Watashi wa kinou kuruma no unten wo oshiete morai ni ikimashita.
Meaning :
1. Yesterday I went to receive a cut for (my ) hair.
2. Yesterday I went to receive treatment for (my) illness.
3. Yesterday I went to receive (my) shirts and pants being washed.
4. Yesterday I went to receive lesson on driving a car.
Since barbershop which is stated in the sentence exist in the question means a place where we can receive a haircut as defined in the first option’s answer. All of the option’s answer has the same pattern with the pattern shown in question number 2. All of it contains movement verb ‘iku’ (行く・いく) which is used to describe specific purpose described in the verb preceeding the movement verb ‘iku’ . In the first option, the subject went for a haircut. The second option, the subject went to seek a cure for his or her illness. The third option describes the subject went to do laundry for his or her clothes. And the last option, the fourth one states that the subject went to practice on driving a car.
- へやのでんきをつけました。
Romaji : Heya no denki wo tsukemashita.
Meaning : (I) turned on the room’s light.
1. へやをあたたかくしました。
2. へやをすずしくしました。
3. へやをあかるくしました。
4. へやをくらくしました。
Answer : 3
Romaji :
1. Heya wo atatakaku shimashita.
2. Heya wo suzushiku shimashita.
3. Heya wo akaruku shimashita.
4. Heya wo kuraku shimashita.
Meaning :
1. The room became warm.
2. The room became cool.
3. The room became bright.
4. The room became dark.
It is obviously from the meaning stated above the only related option with the statement displayed in the question is in the third option. The subject turned on the light in the room last night. So, the room itself became bright as mentioned in the third option.
- これはだいじなものです
Romaji : Kore wa daiji na mono desu.
Meaning : This is an important thing.
1. これはりっぱなものです。
2. これはたいせつなものです。
3. これはじょうぶなものです。
4. これはふるいものです。
Answer : 2
Romaji :
1. Kore wa rippa na mono desu.
2. Kore wa taisetsu na mono desu.
3. Kore wa jyoubu na mono desu.
4. Kore wa furui mono desu.
Meaning :
1. This is a splendid thing.
2. This is an important thing.
3. This is a strong thing.
4. This is an old thing.
The synonym of ‘daiji na’ is in the second option which is ‘taisetsu na’. Both of the adjectives mentioned in the question and in the right option’s answer have similar or closest meaning. The meaning is important or valuable.
- がくせいがきょうしつに「のこっています」。
Romaji : Gakusei ga kyoushitsu ni [nokotte imasu].
Meaning : (Several) students still remain in the class.
1. がくせいはまだだれもきょうしつへきていません。
2. がくせいはもうみんなきょうしつへきています。
3. きょうしつには、がくせいはもうだれもいません。
4. きょうしつには、がくせいがまだいます。
Answer : 4
Romaji :
1. Gakusei wa mada dare mo kyoushitsu e kite imasen.
2. Gakusei wa mou minna kyoushitsu e kite imasu.
3. Kyoushitsu ni wa, gakusei wa mou dare mo imasen.
4. Kyoushitsu ni wa, gakusei ga mada imasu.
Meaning :
1. No longer any students come to the class.
2. Everyone of the students come to the class.
3. In the class there are no longer any students stay.
4. In the class there are still students stay.
To answer the question correctly we have to choose the fourth option’s answer. It has the same meaning stated both in the question and also in the fourth option’s answer. Both describes there are still students exist in the class. The verb のこる (nokoru) itself means to remain, to be left which means the students already there in the class. And the verb also inform although there are students left in the class that doesn’t mean all of the students are there in the class because there is no information about that is being provided in the question.
- やまださんはゆうへなくなったそうです。
Romaji : Yamada-san wa yuube naku natta sou desu.
Meaning : Yamada seems has already passed away at the evening.
1. やまださんはゆうべおかねをなくしたそうです。
2. やまださんはゆうべどこかへいったそうです。
3. やまださんはゆうべくにへかえったそうです。
4. やまださんはゆうべしんだそうです。
Answer : 4
Romaji :
1. Yamada-san wa yuube okane wo nakushita sou desu.
2. Yamada-san wa yuube dokoka e itta sou desu.
3. Yamada-san wa yuube kuni e kaetta sou desu.
4. Yamada-san wa yuube shindasou desu.
Meaning :
1. Yamada seems lost (his/her) money at the evening.
2. Yamada seems went somewhere at the evening.
3. Yamada seems back to (his/her) country at the evening.
4. Yamada seems has already dead at the evening.
The correct answer is in the fourth option. The verb ‘nakunaru’ (亡くなる・なくらる) has the same meaning with verb ‘shinu’ (死ぬ・しぬ) . The difference between those two verbs are the first one which ‘nakunaru’ (亡くなる・なくらる) is used in a polite manner which can be translated ‘to passed away’. It is considered to be a teineigo (丁寧語・ていねいご) or the normal polite form. It is also used for adults referring to stranger which doesn’t exactly known the rank level in society. The latter, ‘shinu’ (死ぬ・しぬ) is a plain form which is translated as ‘to die’ and it can also be used for animal, plants or any lower parties in the rank level of society.
- どうぞ、なんでもおっしゃってください。
Romaji : Douzo, nande mo osshatte kudasai. Meaning : By all means, please speak anything.
1. どうぞ、なんでもつかってください。
2. どうぞ、なんでもいってください。
3. どうぞ、なんでもたべてください。
4. どうぞ、なんでもみてください。
Answer : 2
Romaji :
1. Douzo, nande mo tsukatte kudasai.
2. Douzo, nande mo itte kudasai.
3. Douzo, nande mo tabete kudasai.
4. Douzo, nande mo mite kudasai.
Meaning :
1. Please by all means, use anything.
2. Please by all means, say anything.
3. Please by all means, eat anything.
4. Please by all means, see anything.
The answer is in the second option. The verb ‘ossharu’ (おっしゃる) and ‘iu’ ( いう) has the similar meaning which is translated as ‘to say, to speak’. The difference is the first one is a verb which is categorized as sonkeigo (尊敬語・そんけいご) or respectful form. It is used for someone or parties which is particularly in control of power, superior or customer in professional context. The latter is a plain form which is used in daily activities and conversation between peer, colleagues in an informal situation and can be used also for those lower in rank level such as in age, position and also any other aspects or status exist which can be a decision factor in the society.
- わたしはおもいびょうきをして、りょうしんにしんぱいをかけました。
Romaji : Watashi wa omoi byouki wo shite, ryoushin ni shinpai wo kakemashita.
Meaning : I have a serious illness, my parents were worried.
1. わたしがびょうきになったので、りょうしんはしんぱいしました。
2. りょうしんがびょうきになったので、わたしはしんぱいしました。
3. わたしがびょうきにならないように、りょうしんはいろいろとしんぱいをしています。
4. りょうしんがびょうきにならないように、わたしはいろいろとしんぱいをしています。
Answer : 1
Romaji :
1. Watashi ga byouki ni nattanode, ryoushin wa shinpai shimashita.
2. Ryoushin ga byouki ni nattanode, watashi wa shinpai shimashita.
3. Watashi ga byouki ni naranai you ni, ryoushin wa iro iro to shinpai wo shite imasu.
4. Ryoushin ga byouki ni naranai you ni, watashi wa iro iro to shinpai wo shite imasu.
Meaning :
1. Because I got sick, (my) parents were worried.
2. Because (my) parents got sick, I was worried.
3. In order for me not to become sick, my parents have lots of things to be worried.
4. In order for (my) parents not to become sick, I have lot of things to be worried.
The above pattern in the question is a form of series of action or sequences of events connected with verbs with stem –te or verbs with –te form in the sentence which is being connected. The pattern is shown as below :
Kanji : 。。。＋動詞 （－て計） ＋。。。
Hiragana : 。。。＋どうし（－てけい） ＋。。。
Romaji : … ＋doushi （－te kei） ＋…
Meaning : … ＋verb ( -te form) ＋…
Examples :
Kanji : 今日妹が結婚して、家族がみんな本当に喜んで。
Hiragana : きょういもうとがけっこんして、かぞくがみんなほんとうによろこんで
Romaji : kyou imouto ga kekkon shite, kazoku ga minna hontou ni yorokonde.
Meaning : Today my younger sister is getting married, (our) family everyone is really feel delighted (grateful).
The above sentence has its own sequence or series. The first event or action is when it is stated in the sentence that the younger sister of the speaker is getting married. The other event or situation followed it is all of the family members are rejoicing in it. Basically we can create another sentence which is similar with the sentence in the question. One of the pattern is using a sentence which is implying on cause or reason using ので as follows :
Kanji : 。。。 ＋動詞 （辞書計） ＋ので ＋。。。
Hiragana : 。。。 ＋どうし（じしょけい） ＋ので ＋。。。
Romaji : … ＋doushi （jisho kei） ＋node ＋…
Meaning :because of (due to) …＋verb ( dictionary form) ＋… ＋…
For an example :
Kanji : 今週仕事の先輩が昇進を受け取るので、わたしたちは全部の後輩が本当に喜んで。
Hiragana : こんしゅうしごとのせんぱいがしょうしんをうけとるので、わたしたちはぜんぶのこうはいがほんとうによろこんで。
Romaji : konshuu shigoto no senpai ga shoushin wo uketorunode, watashitachi wa zenbu no kouhai ga hontou ni yorokonde.
Meaning : because this week our senior in the office is receiving a promotion. All of us, the junior are celebrating.
So based on the のでpattern above we can change the pattern on the question to match the meaning with the sentence in the option’s answer. And the correct answer is in the first option.
- しごとをしながらわたしのはなしをきいてください。
Romaji : Shigoto wo shinagara watashi no hanashi wo kiite kudasai.
Meaning : Please hear my conversation while (we) working.
1. しごとをしないで、わたしのはなしをきいてください。
2. しごとをしてから、わたしのはなしをきいてください。
3. しごとをやめて、わたしのはなしをきいてください。
4. しごとをやめないで、わたしのはなしをきいてください。
Answer : 4
Romaji :
1. Shigoto wo shinaide, watashi no hanashi wo kiite kudasai.
2. Shigoto wo shitekara, watashi no hanashi wo kiite kudasai.
3. Shigoto wo yamete, watashi no hanashi wo kiite kudasai.
4. Shigoto wo yamenaide, watashi no hanashi wo kiite kudasai.
Meaning :
1. Don’t do (your) work and please hear me speaking.
2. After doing the work, please hear me speaking.
3. Stop doing the work, please hear me speaking.
4. Don’t stop (your) work and please hear me speaking.
The above pattern in the question is a pattern explaining activities which is being done concurrently in the same time.
Below is the pattern :
Kanji : 晩御飯を食べながら日本のドラマを見ます。
Hiragana : ばんごはんをたべながらにほんのドラマをみます。
Romaji : ban gohan wo tabenagara nihon no dorama wo mimasu.
Meaning : (I) watch Japanese drama while having my dinner.
The main activity is where the subject having his or her dinner. The other activity which is being done while he or she is having he or her dinner is watching Japanese drama. Based on the pattern above the similar meaning is exists in the fourth option. The pattern in the fourth option is a negative pattern which is connected with other sentence as shown in a pattern below :
Kanji : 。。。＋動詞（－ないで 計）＋。。。
Hiragana : 。。。＋どうし（－ないで けい）＋。。。
Romaji : … ＋doushi（－naide kei ）＋…
Meaning : … ＋verb（－naide form ）＋…
The example itself can be extracted from the correct answer which is the fourth option’s answer. The sentence describes the subject is listening to the speaker without stopping his or her work. In the other meaning the subject is listening to the speaker while doing his or her job.