１９９１ ３級
文法・読解
（１００点 ３５分）
問題Ｉ＿＿＿＿のところに何を入れますか。1,2,3,4 から いちばんいいものを一つえらびなさい。
Problem I What should be inserted in the underlined part. Please choose one best answer from the following choice 1, 2, 3, 4
１．一週間＿＿＿２かいぐらいテニスをします。
Hiragana : いっしゅうかん(に)２かいぐらいテニスをします。
Romaji : Ishuukan（ni）2 kai gurai tenisu wo shimasu.
Meaning : (I) play tennis twice in a week.
１．が ２．も ３．と 4．に
Romaji : 1. ga 2. mo 3. to 4. ni
Answer : 4
We are using particle ni (に) to indicate interval of time an event or action takes place. The interval of time is described in the above question which is一週間(いっしゅうかん) one week (isshuukan). The event itself is playing tennis two times in a week.
２．りんごとバナナとではどちら＿＿＿すきですか。
Romaji : Ringo to banana to dewa dochira＿＿＿suki desuka.
Meaning : Apple and banana which one do (you) like ?
１．で ２．が ３．は ４．と
Romaji : 1. de 2. ga 3. wa 4. To
Answer : 2
Particle が is used to indicate adjective of emotion such as like, love, hate. We can infer the emotion which is described in the above question is suki (すき).
３．テレビの音＿＿＿聞こえます。
Hiragana : テレビのおと（が）きこえます。
Romaji : Terebi no oto (ga) kikoemasu.
Meaning : (I) can hear the television sound.
１．を ２．に ３．が ４．で
Romaji : 1. wo 2. ni 3. ga 4. de
Answer : 3
The correct answer is in the third option. Particle ga (が) is also used to describe verb sensation such as to be able to hear which is kikoemasu (きこえます) .
４．兄はわたし＿＿＿えいがにつれて行ってくれました。
Hiragana : あにはわたし（に）えいがにつれていってくれました。
Romaji : Ani wa watashi (ni) eiga ni tsurete itte kuremashita.
Meaning : My older brother took me together with him to a movie.
１．と ２．に ３．が ４．で
Romaji : 1. to 2. ni 3. ga 4. De
Answer : 2
To be able to resolve the above question, we need to be able to express receiving and giving pattern in a sentence. There are several verbs which can be used in receiving and giving in Japanese language. In the above context which is used in a question is the verb ‘kureru’ (くれる)。We are going to give an example on the other usage and explanation of this verb :
Kanji : 友達はわたしに日本の新規を読んでくれます。
Hiragana : ともだちはわたしににほんのしんきをよんでくれます。
Romaji : Tomodachi wa watashi ni nihon no shinki wo yonde kuremasu.
Meaning : My friend read the Japanese novel for me.
Based on the above sample, it is actually concluded in several reference thatくれる is used from the receiver point to express someone giving something to me, my family, my side or the member which is related to myself.
But on another reference, it is actually can be use to receiver not only besides me but it can also be used with other parties. The main point is in the above question, it is stressing my friend as the one who actually read the Japanese novel for me.
5.この字はどれが書いた＿＿＿わかりますか。
Hiragana : このじはどれがかいた（か）わかりますか。
Romaji : Kono ji wa dore ga kaita(ka) wakarimasuka.
Meaning : This letter which one do you wrote, do you understand it ?
１．か ２．を ３．が ４．と
Romaji : 1. ka 2. wo 3. ga 4. To
Answer : 1
When we want to ask a question we can use an interrogative pronoun which is combined with another verb ends with suffix –ka (か) as shown in the question. The interrogative pronoun in the above question is dore (どれ) which is translated as ‘which one’.
6.どんなこと＿＿＿きいてください。お答えします。
Hiragana : どんなこと（でも）かいてください。おこたえします。
Romaji : Donna koto (demo) kiite kudasai. Okotaeshimasu.
Meaning : No matter what please hear (me). (After that, and then) answer (me).
１．でも ２．とか ３．から ４．まで
Romaji : 1
It is a conjunction used as an expression. It can be translated as‘but’. So, when it is combined with donna koto which means whatever the matter is and it is continued with demo all of the phrase can be translated as no matter what happened, it doesn’t even matter so please hear (me).
We will show you several usages of the other options’s answer :
とか
Kanji : 休みの日に時々一人で本を読むとかテレビを見るとか寝るとかいろいろなことをします。
Hiragana : やすみのひにときどきひとりでほんをよむとかテレビをみるとかねるとかいろいろなことをします。
Romaji : Yasumi no hi ni tokidoki hitori de hon wo yomu toka terebi wo miru toka neru toka iro iro na koto wo shimasu.
Meaning : In the holiday, sometimes I by myself read books, watch television, sleep or lots of various things.
We are using this kind of conjunction to name lists of something whether those are verbs, adjectives or noun. The sentence will consists of series of either verbs, adjectives or noun separated by とか. It is basically has the same structure with －たり. But in a conversation where is an informal or less formal situation, とか itself is more preferable.
We can also use や orとto enlist several things in a sentence. But those things need to be noun. And we generally cannot repeat it more than one in a sentence.
から
Kanji : 試験は何時から始まりますかえん
Hiragana : しけんはなんじからはじまりますか
Romaji : shiken wa nanji kara hajimarimasuka
Meaning : from what time the exam begins ?
まで
Kanji : 面接は何時まで終わりますか
Hiragana : めんせつはなんじまでおわりますか
Romaji : mensetsu wa nanji made owarimasuka ?
Meaning : until what time the interview ends ?
Both から and まで is used in the above example to indicate the time of begin and end of an event or activities. We use から to state the starting point of an event begins and on the other hand we use まで
to state the finishing point of an event ends. We actually can combine both of them within one sentence.
7.今年のなつは、去年のなつ＿＿＿あつくありませんでしたね。
Hiragana :ことしのなつは、きょねんのなつ（ほど）あつくありませんでしたね。
Romaji : kotoshi no natsu wa, kyonen no natsu (hodo) atsuku arimasendeshitane.
Meaning : this year’s summer, compared with last year’s summer was not that hot.
１．でも ２．しか ３．ほど ４．ごろ
Romaji : 1. demo 2. shika 3. hodo 4. goro
Answer : 3
We will try to define some other option’s answer in the following example :
でも
Kanji : お茶が好きでもコーヒーがきらいです。
Hiragana : おちゃがすきでもコーヒーがきらいです。
Romaji : Ocha ga suki demo ko-hi- ga kirai desu.
Meaning : I like tea but I don’t like coffee.
It is a conjunction which can be translated as ‘but’. When we want to say something in a contradiction within a sentence we can use this conjunction.
しか
Kanji : わたしは朝から水しか飲みません。
Hiragana :わたしはあさからみずしかのみません。
Romaji : watashi wa asa kara mizu shika nomimasen.
Meaning : I just drink water since this morning.
The meaning of shika (しか) is only. But in the context of usage, it has a negative meaning. It express things that only left or the only thing that has been done and the speaker tends to feel regret about the condition as the above statement.
ごろ
Kanji : 九時ごろに家を選択することができました。
Hiragana : くじごろにうちをせんたくすることができました。
Romaji : kuji goro ni uchi wo sentaku suru koto ga dekimashita.
Meaning : I finished cleaning the house at 9 o’clock.
This word ごろ is a word which is used to describe an approximate time of an event will happen or has already happened. The above sentence describes that the subject finished cleaning his or her house approximately at 9 o’clock.
8.このごろはじょうぶになったから、何＿＿＿食べてもおいしいです。
Hiragana : このごろはじょうずになったから、なに（を）たべてもおいしいです。
Romaji : Kono goro wa jyoubu ni nattakara, nani (wo) tabete mo oishii desu.
Meaning : At this time, (I) have became healthy (ok), whatever (I) eat is delicious.
１．も ２．に ３．を ４．が
Romaji : 1. mo 2. ni 3. wo 4. ga
Answer : 3
9.その花はだれ＿＿＿もらいましたか。
Hiragana : そのはなはだれ（に）もらいましたか。
Romaji : Sono hana wa dare (ni) moraimashitaka.
Meaning : Who do you received that flower from ?
１．で ２．を ３．の ４．に
Romaji : 1. de 2. wo 3. no 4. ni
Answer : 4
Verb もらう can be used in the context of receiving something from someone else. Below is another example of the verb :
Kanji : 妹はお祖母さんにお茶を作ってもらいました。
Hiragana : いもうとはおばあさんにおちゃをつくってもらいました。
Romaji : Imouto wa obaasan ni ocha wo tsukutte moraimashita.
Meaning : My grand mother has received a tea made by my little sister.
In the context of receiving something, もらう is focusing on the person who receive something from someone else. If we compare it with the other type of verb concerning the context of giving which is くれる, the focus in on the person who give something to someone else as follows :
Kanji : 妹はお祖母さんにお茶を作ってくれました。
Hiragana : いもうとはおばあさんにおちゃをつくってくれました。
Romaji : Imouto wa obaasan ni omocha wo tsukutte kuremashita.
Meaning : My little sister have given a tea made by her to our grandmother.
10. もう５時です。今から＿＿＿６時の電車にまにあうでしょうか。
Hiragana : もう５じです。いまから（にも）６じのでんしゃにまにあうえしょうか。
Romaji : mou 5ji desu. Ima kara (ni mo) 6ji no densha ni maniaudeshouka.
Meaning : It is already 5 o’clock. Will we be able to get the train even from now ?
１．での ２．までも ３．とも ４．にも
Romaji : 1. Deno 2. Mademo 3. Tomo 4. Nimo
Answer : 4
The correct answer is in the fourth option. Since it is related with time which is translated as at, on or in when it is combined with particle も, it is actually indicating total negation.
11.あしたは９時＿＿＿この教室に来てください。
Hiragana : あした９じ（までも） このきょうしつにきてください。
Romaji : Ashita kuji (made mo) kono kyoushitsu ni kite kudasai.
Meaning : Tomorrow, even until 9 o’clock please come this class.
１．での ２．までも ３．とも ４．にも
Romaji : 1. demo 2. made mo 3. to mo 4. ni mo
Answer : 2
The answer is in the second option. It is the appropriate answer among all of the option’s answers.
12.先生の話は知っていること＿＿＿で、おもしろくなったです。
Hiragana : せんせいのはなしはしっていること（ばかり）で、おもしろくなったです。
Romaji : Sensei no hanashi wa shitte iru koto (bakari) de, omoshirokunakatta desu.
Meaning : I just knew what the teacher is talking about, so it was not that interesting.
１．しか ２．ばかり ３．ほど ４．より
Romaji : 1. shika 2. bakari 3. hodo 4. yori
Answer : 2
The usage of bakari in the above question as the correct answer is to express something that has already happened just now or recently. Because the subject has recently knew what the teacher was talking about, he or she wasn’t interested in the talking.
13.きのう友だちが来た＿＿＿＿、べんきょうができませんでした。
Hiragana : きのうともだちがきた（だから）、べんきょうができませんでした。
Romaji : Kinou tomodachi ga kita (dakara), benkyou ga dekimasendeshita.
Meaning : Yesterday because my friend came, I couldn’t study.
１．でも ２．だから ３．ので ４．ように
Romaji : 1. demo 2. dakara 3. node 4. youni
Answer : 2
It is a sentence describes cause and effect where we can useだからas the suitable answer. We can give another example on the usage of the other option’s answer.
demo (でも)
Kanji : その人は日本語を話しことができるでもフランス語を話しことができません。
Hiragana : そのひとはにほんごができるでもフランスごができません。
Romaji : Sono hito wa nihongo wo hanashi koto ga dekiru demo furansugo wo hanashi koto ga dekimasen.
Meaning : That person can speak Japanese but (he or she) cannot speak French.
14. たくさんさとうを入れた＿＿＿、まだあまくありません。
Hiragana : たくさんさとうをいれた（のに）、まだあまくありません。
Romaji : Takusan satou wo ireta (noni), mada amaku arimasen.
Meaning : Although (I) already had inserted lot of sugar, the taste is not sweet yet.
１．ばかり ２．とか ３．から 4．のに
Romaji : 1. bakari 2. toka 3. kara 4. no ni
Answer : 4
The correct answer in this question is in the fourth answer. We are using particle noni (のに) to be able to express a cause and effect situation which results in something that is actually contradictive as shown in the above question. The subject expects the taste will be sweeter as he or she puts lot of sugar as the cause but in the end, the resulting effect doesn’t happen at all, it is not getting sweet.
15. 友だちにかさをかりた＿＿＿、かえすのをわすれていました。
Hiragana : ともだちにかさをかりた（まま）、かえすのをわすれていました。
Romaji : Tomodachi ni kasa wo karita (mama), kaesu no wo wasurete imashita.
Meaning : (I) lent an umbrella to my friend as is, (he or she) forget to return (it).
１．あいだ ２．まま ３．だけ ４．ながら
Romaji : 1. aida 2. mama 3. dake 4. nagara
Answer : 2
The correct answer for the above question is in the second option answer. It can be translated as ‘as is’. The usage of ままis to explain a certain condition which is continued the way it is. The subject describes that he or she lent an umbrella to his or her friend the way it is and along with that, his or her friend forget to return it back.
We will also give another example on the rest of the options’s answer in form of a sentence as follows :
あいだ
Kanji : 図書館に勉強する間に静かにしてください。
Hiragana : としょかんにべんきょうするあいだにしずかにしてください。
Romaji : Toshokan ni benkyou suru aida ni shizuka ni shite kudasai.
Meaning : While studying at the library, please be quiet.
In this case, あいだis used when we want to describe an event or an activity runs in progress. As the above example already stated it is a progress of studying at the library.
だけ
Kanji : 今日一人だけ仕事で残業します。
Hiragana : きょうひとりだけしごとでざんぎょうします。
Romaji : Kyou hitori dake shigoto de zangyou shimasu.
Meaning : Today I am the only person who work overtime.
In the above example, だけ is used when we want to express something remain or left in a positive way. In this case, the example on the above sentence describes that the subject is the only person working overtime. The word だけitself can be translated as ‘only’.
ながら
Kanji : 音楽を聞きながらレポートを書きます。
Hiragana :おんがくをききながらレポートをかきます。
Romaji : Ongaku wo kiki nagara repo-to wo kakimasu.
Meaning : While listening to the music (I) write a report.
The ながら pattern is a grammar pattern which is used to describe an activity which is done while doing another activity at the same time. The subject in the above example is writing a report while listening to the music.