This article is focusing on asking about whether the other person is doing an activity or not in a specific time marker. As we already knew there are several time marker which can be used to inform the activity done by using sentence. Depends on the time marker stated in the sentence, we learn how to inform an activity based on the time of the activitiy been done. But we are also going to learn how to state a negative sentence or to deny that we do or we have already done the activity which is being asked. Through chapter 4 page 34 in Minna no Nihongo book, we can learn how to ask and also to give an answer whether it is a yes or no depends on the question. And as an addition, the answer of the question is also given based on the time marker whether it is past, present or future. To view the complete question, please buy the original Minna no Nihongo book.
Pattern :
過去形(かこけい)Past Tense
Question / Interrogative Form
To make a simple question based on the past time marker we have to change the verb in a –ta form to be used in an ordinary situation. We can also change the verb in a –mashita form to be used in a polite or formal situation as shown below :
Past Time Marker + 動詞「ました |(-た形) 」+か
Past Time Marker + どうし「ました |(-たけい)」+か
Past Time Marker + Doushi「mashita|(-ta kei) 」 +ka
Past Time Marker + Verb 「mashita|(-ta kei) 」 +ka
Example :
In a formal or polite situation
Question : 去年大学を卒業しましたか
Hiragana:きょねんだいがくをそつぎょうしましたか
Romaji: Kyonen daigaku wo sotsugyoushimashitaka
Meaning: Did (you) graduate from university last year ?
In a normal or ordinary situation
Question : 去年だいがくを卒業したか
Hiragana: きょねんだいがくをそつぎょうしたか
Romaji: Kyonen daigaku wo sotsugyoshitaka.
Meaning: Did (you) graduate from university last year ?
As we see on the example, we are using verb sotsugyou suru which means to graduate. Since the time marker is a past one, kyonen means last year, we have to change the verb in to a –mashita or –ta form depends on the situation.
And the possible answer will beat least two which is positive or negative. The pattern of the answer are shown below :
Positive answer to be used in a formal or polite situation :
はい、動詞 +ました
はい、どうし+ました
Hai, doushi +mashita
Yes, verb +mashita
In a formal situation example :
Question: 一昨日は映画を見ましたか
Answer: はい、映画を見ました。
Hiragana
Question: おとといはえいがをみましたか
Answer: はい、えいがをみました。
Romaji
Question: Ototoi wa eiga wo mimashitaka.
Answer: Hai, eiga wo mimashita.
Meaning
Question: Two days ago (did you) watch movie?
Answer: Yes, (I) watched movie.
Positive answer to be used in a normal or ordinary situation :
はい、動詞 +た
はい、どうし+た
Hai, doushi +ta
Yes, verb +ta
In a normal or ordinary situation example :
Question: 先週買い物しましたか。
Answer: はい、買い物しきました。
Hiragana
Question: せんしゅうかいものしましたか。
Answer: はい、かいものしました。
Romaji
Question: Senshuu kaimono shimashitaka.
Answer: Hai, kaimono shimashita.
Question: Last week (did you) shop ?
Answer: Yes, (I) shopped.
Negative answer to be used in a formal or polite situation :
いいえ、動詞 +ませんでした
いいえ、どうし+ませんでした
Iie, doushi +masendeshita
Yes, verb +masendeshita
In a formal or polite situation example :
Question: 三ヶ月前国へ帰りましたか
Answer: いいえ、帰りませんでした。
Hiragana
Question: さんかげつまえくにへかえりましたか
Answer: いいえ、かえりませんでした。
Romaji
Question: Sankagetsu mae kuni e kaerimashitaka.
Answer: Iie, kaerimasendeshita.
Meaning
Question: Three months ago (did you) come back to your country ?
Answer: No, I didn’t come back home (to my country).
Negative answer to be used in a ordinary or normal situation:
いいえ、動詞 +なかった
いいえ、どうし+なかった
Iie, doushi +nakatta
Yes, verb +nakatta
In a formal or polite situation example :
Question:二年前東京大学で勉強したか
Answer: いいえ、勉強しなかった。
Hiragana
Question: にねんまえとうきょうだいがくでべんきょうしたか
Answer: いいえ、べんきょうしなかった。
Romaji
Question: Ninen mae Tokyo Daigaku de benkyoushitaka.
Answer: Iie, benkyoushinakatta.
Meaning
Question: Two years ago (did you) study at Tokyo University ?
Answer: No, I didn’t study (at Tokyo University).
現在形(げんざいけい)Present Tense ・未来形 (みらいけい)Future Tense
Question / Interrogative Form
To make a simple question based on the present or future time marker we can use –masu form in a polite or formal situation or to use the base form or dictionary form (jisho kei) in an ordinary situation:
Present / Future Time Marker + 動詞 「-ます形 | 辞書形 」 +か
Present / Future Time Marker + どうし「-ますけい|じしょけい」 +か
Present / Future Time Marker+ Doushi「–masu kei | jisho kei」 +ka
Present / Future Time Marker+ Verb「–masu form | dictionary form」+ka
Example :
Formal Form
Question : 明日学校へ行きますか
Hiragana : あしたがっこうへいきますか
Romaji: Ashita gakkou e ikimasuka
Meaning: Tomorrow (are you) going to school ?.
Ordinary Form
Question : 明日学校へ行くか
Hiragana : あしたがっこうへいくか
Romaji : Ashita gakkou e ikuka.
Meaning : Tomorrow (are you) going to school ?.
On the example above, we are using verb iku or to go. Ashita or tomorrow is the time marker is which describe a certain time in the future, so we have to use the verb in the sentence depends on the situation.
The possible answer can be positive or negative. The pattern of the answer are shown below :
Positive answer to be used in a formal or polite situation :
はい、動詞 「-ます 形 」
はい、どうし「-ます けい」
Hai, doushi 「–masu kei」
Yes, verb「–masu form」
In a formal or polite situation example :
Question: 今日朝ごはんを食べますか。
Answer: はい、食べます。
Hiragana
Question: きょうあさごはんをたべますか。
Answer: はい、たべます。
Romaji
Question: Kyou asa gohan wo tabemasuka.
Answer: Hai, tabemasu.
Question: Do you want to eat breakfast ?
Answer: Yes, (I) want to eat.
Positive answer to be used in an ordinary or normal situation :
はい、動詞「辞書 形 」
はい、どうし「辞書 けい」
Hai, doushi 「jisho kei」
Yes, verb「dictionary form」
In an ordinary or normal situation example :
Question: 今週喫茶店で飲みますか。
Answer: はい、飲みます。
Hiragana
Question: 今週きっさてんでのみますか。
Answer: はい、たべます。
Romaji
Question: Kyou asa gohan wo tabemasuka.
Answer: Hai, tabemasu.
Question: Do you want to eat breakfast ?
Answer: Yes, (I) want to eat.
Negative answer to be used in a polite or formal situation:
いいえ、動詞 +ません
いいえ、どうし+ません
Iie, doushi +masen
Yes, verb +masen
In an polite or formal situation example :
Question:来週公園で散歩しますか
Answer: いいえ、散歩しません。
Hiragana
Question: らいしゅうこうえんでさんぽしますか
Answer: いいえ、さんぽしません。
Romaji
Question: Raishuu kouen de sanpo shimasuka.
Answer: Iie, sanpo shimasen.
Meaning
Question: (Do you) want to walk around the park next week ?
Answer: No, I don’t.
Negative answer to be used in a ordinary or normal situation :
いいえ、動詞+ない
いいえ、どうし+ない
Iie, doushi +nai
No, verb+nai
In an ordinary or normal situation example :
Question: 今年結婚するか
Answer: いいえ、結婚しない。
Hiragana
Question: 今年けっこんするか
Answer: いいえ、結婚しない。
Romaji
Question: Kotoshi kekkon suruka?
Answer: Iie, kekkon shinai.
Meaning
Question: Will (you) get married this year?.
Answer: No, I will not get married (this year).
1. あさって 働きますか。
いいえ、働きません。
Hiragana:
あさって はたらきますか。
いいえ、はたらきません。
Romaji:
Asatte hatarakimasuka.
Iie, hatarakimasen.
Meaning:
Tomorrow (are you) working ?.
No, (I am) not working.
2. 毎晩 勉強しますか。
はい、勉強します。
Hiragana:
まいばん べんきょうしますか。
はい、べんきょうします。
Romaji:
Mai ban benkyoushimasuka.
Hai, benkyoushimasu.
Meaning:
(Are you) study every night ?.
Yes, (I) study.
3. きのうの 晩 勉強しましたか。
はい、勉強しました。
Hiragana:
きのうの ばん べんきょうしましたか。
はい、べんきょうしました。
Romaji:
Kinou no ban benkyoushimashitaka.
Hai, benkyoushimashita.
Meaning:
Yesterday night (are you) studied ?.
Yes, (I) studied.
4. きのう 働きましたか。
いいえ、働きませんでした。
Hiragana:
きのう はたらきましたか。
いいえ、はたらきませんでした。
Romaji:
Kinou hatarakimashitaka.
Iie, hatarakimasendeshita.
Meaning:
Yesterday (are you) working ?.
No, (I) didn’t work.