There are several time marker which can be used to inform the activity done by using sentence. Depends on the time marker stated in the sentence in the articlefrom the articleWithin this article, we learn how to inform an activity based on the time of the activitiy been done. Through chapter 4 page 34 in Minna no Nihongo book, we can express stating on the activities based on the exact time that activities been done or happened. To view the complete question, please buy the original Minna no Nihongo book.
過去形（かこけい）Past Tense
Pattern
Past Time Marker ＋ 動詞 （－た形）
Past Time Marker ＋ どうし （－たけい）
Past Time Marker ＋ Doushi (-ta kei)
Based on the time marker, if the time marker is in past the verb which is followed or stated in the sentence has to be changed in the past form or in –ta form. Below are the examples of the past time marker :
|
No. |
Time Marker |
Kanji |
Hiragana |
Romaji |
|
1. |
Last Night |
夕べ |
ゆうべ |
yuube |
|
2. |
This Morning |
今朝 |
けさ |
Kesa |
|
3. |
Yesterday |
昨日 |
きのう |
kinou |
|
4. |
One Hour Ago |
一時間前 |
いちじかんまえ |
ichijikanmae |
|
5. |
N- Hour Ago |
N – 時間前 |
N –じかんまえ |
*N – jikan mae |
|
|
*Where N can be any kind of number to describe number of hours |
|||
|
6. |
Two Days Ago ( A Day before Yesterday ) |
一昨日 |
おととい |
ototoi |
|
7. |
Last Week |
先週 |
せんしゅう |
senshuu |
|
8. |
Two Weeks Ago ( A Week before Last Week ) |
先々週 |
せんせんしゅう |
sensenshuu |
|
9. |
Three Weeks Ago |
三週間前 |
さんしゅうかんまえ |
sanshuukanmae |
|
10. |
*N – Weeks Ago |
*N – 週間前 |
*N –しゅうかんまえ |
*N – shuukan mae |
|
|
*Where N can be any kind of number to describe number of weeks |
|||
|
11. |
Last Month |
先月 |
せんげつ |
sengetsu |
|
12. |
Two Months Ago ( A Month before Last Month ) |
先々月 |
せんせんげつ |
sensengetsu |
|
13. |
*Three Months Ago |
三ヶ月前 |
さんかげつまえ |
sankagetsumae |
|
14. |
*N – Months Ago |
*N – 月前 |
*N – げつまえ |
*N – getsumae |
|
|
*Where N can be any kind of number to describe number of months |
|||
|
15. |
Last Year |
去年 |
きょねん |
Kyonen |
|
16. |
Two Years Ago ( A Year before Last Year ) |
一昨年 |
おととし |
Ototoshi |
|
17. |
Three Years Ago |
三年まえ |
さんねんまえ |
sannenmae |
|
18. |
*N – Years Ago |
*N – 年前 |
*N – ねんまえ |
*N – nen mae |
|
|
*Where N can be any kind of number to describe |
|||
Example :
漢字 ：昨日 ＋ 食べました。
ひらがな：きのう ＋ たべました。
Romaji: Kinou＋ tabemashita.
Meaning: Yesterday (I) ate.
現在形（げんざいけい）Present Tense ・未来形 （みらいけい）Future Tense
Pattern
Present / Future Time Marker＋動詞
Present / Future Time Marker＋どうし
Based on the time marker, if the time marker is in present or future the verb which is followed or stated in the sentence has to be changed in –masu form to be more polite. Below are the examples of the present or future time marker:
Present Time Marker
|
No. |
Time Marker |
Kanji |
Hiragana |
Romaji |
|
1. |
Tonight |
今晩 |
こんばん |
Konban |
|
2. |
In the morning |
朝 |
あさ |
Asa |
|
3. |
Today |
今日 |
きょう |
Kyou |
|
4. |
This Hour |
この時間 |
このじかん |
ichijikan mae |
|
5. |
This Week |
今週 |
こんしゅう |
Konshuu |
|
6. |
This Month |
今月 |
こんげつ |
Kongetsu |
|
7. |
This Year |
今年 |
ことし |
Kotoshi |
Future Time Marker
|
No. |
Time Marker |
Kanji |
Hiragana |
Romaji |
|
1. |
Tomorrow |
明日 |
あした |
ashita |
|
2. |
One Hour Ahead |
一時間後 |
いちじかんあと |
ichijikan |
|
3. |
N- Hour Ahead |
N – 時間後 |
N –じかんあと |
*N – jikan ato |
|
|
*Where N can be any kind of number to describe number of hours |
|||
|
4. |
Two Days Ahead ( A Day After Tomorrow ) |
明後日 |
あさって |
asatte |
|
5. |
Next Week |
来週 |
らいしゅう |
raishuu |
|
6. |
Two Weeks Ahead ( A Week after Next Week ) |
再来週 |
さらいしゅう |
saraishuu |
|
7. |
Three Weeks Ahead |
三日間後 |
みっかかんあと |
mikkagetsu |
|
8. |
*N – Weeks Ahead |
*N – 週間後 |
*N –しゅうかんあと |
*N – shuukan ato |
|
|
*Where N can be any kind of number to describe number of weeks |
|||
|
9. |
Next Month |
来月 |
らいげつ |
raigetsu |
|
10. |
Two Months Ahead ( A Month after Next Month ) |
再来月 |
さらいげつ |
saraigetsu |
|
11. |
*Three Months Ahead |
三ヶ月後 |
さんかげつあと |
sankagetsu ato |
|
12. |
*N – Months Ahead |
*N – 月後 |
*N – げつあと |
*N – getsu ato |
|
|
*Where N can be any kind of number to describe number of months |
|||
|
13. |
Next Year |
来年 |
らいねん |
rainen |
|
14. |
Two Years Ahead ( A Year after Next Year ) |
再来年 |
さらいねん |
sarainen |
|
15. |
Three Years Ahead |
三年後 |
さんねんあと |
sannen ato |
|
16. |
*N – Years Ahead |
*N – 年後 |
*N – ねんあと |
*N – nen ato |
|
|
*Where N can be any kind of number to describe number of years |
|||
Example :
漢字 ：明日 ＋ 帰ります。
ひらがな：あした ＋ かえります。
Romaji: Ashita＋ kaerimasu.
Meaning: Tomorrow (I) come back (home).
１． 毎日 勉強します。
Hiragana： まいにち べんきょうします。
Romaji : Mai nichi benkyoushimasu.
Meaning： Every day (I) study.
２． きのうの 晩 働きます。
Hiragana： きのうの ばん はたらきました。
Romaji： Kinou no ban hatarakimashita.
Meaning：At Yesterday night I worked.
３． あさって 勉強します。
Hiragana： あさって べんきょうします。
Romaji：Asatte benkyou shimasu.
Meaning：Tomorrow (I) study.
４． おとといは 勉強しました。
Hiragana: おとといは べんきょうしました。
Romaji: Ototoi wa benkyou shimashita.
Meaning: Two days ago (I) study.